Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, izinto zobumba ezivikela izinhlamvu zithuthuke ngokushesha ngezinhlobo eziningi, okuhlanganisa i-Alumina, i-Silicon Carbide, i-Boron carbide, i-Silicon Nitride, i-Titanium Boride, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-Alumina Ceramics (Al2O3), i-Silicon Carbide ceramics (SiC) kanye ne-Boron Carbide Ceramics. (B4C) yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izitsha zobumba ze-alumina zinokuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ubulukhuni obuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, umkhawulo wokucubungula ophansi, kanye nenani eliphansi.

Izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide zinokuminyana okuphansi kanye nobulukhuni obuphakeme futhi ziyi-ceramic yesakhiwo engabizi kakhulu, ngakho-ke futhi ziyizinto zobumba ezivikela izinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-China.

I-Boron carbide ceramics kulezi zinhlobo ze-ceramics ekumineni okuphansi kakhulu, ubulukhuni obuphakeme kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izidingo zayo zokucubungula nazo ziphakeme kakhulu, zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-high-pressure sintering, ngakho-ke izindleko nazo ziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zintathu. izitsha zobumba.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nalezi zinto ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ze-ballistic ceramic, izindleko ze-alumina zobumba ze-ballistic ziphansi kakhulu kodwa ukusebenza kwe-ballistic kuphansi kakhulu kune-silicon carbide ne-boron carbide, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kwamanje kwe-ballistic ceramic ikakhulukazi i-silicon carbide ne-boron carbide bulletproof.

I-silicon carbide covalent bonding iqine ngokwedlulele futhi isenamandla aphezulu okubopha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lesi sici sesakhiwo sinikeza i-silicon carbide ceramics amandla amahle kakhulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-thermal, ukumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kokushisa nezinye izakhiwo; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide zinenani elilinganiselwe futhi zingabizi kakhulu, futhi zingenye yezinto ezithembisayo kakhulu zokuvikela izikhali ezisebenza kakhulu. I-ceramics ye-SiC inobubanzi obubanzi bokuthuthuka emkhakheni wokuvikela izikhali, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukuhlukahluka ezindaweni ezifana nemishini ephathekayo nezimoto ezikhethekile. Njengempahla yokuzivikela evikelayo, uma kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nezindleko nezicelo ezikhethekile, imigqa emincane yamaphaneli e-ceramic ngokuvamile iboshelwe ngokusekelwa okuyinhlanganisela ukuze kwakhiwe amapuleti ethagethi ayinhlanganisela ye-ceramic ukuze anqobe ukwehluleka kwezitsha zobumba ngenxa yengcindezi eqinile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ucezu olulodwa kuphela. ichotshozwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izikhali zizonke lapho i-projectile ingena.

I-Boron carbide yaziwa njengento yesithathu enzima kakhulu ngemva kwedayimane ne-cubic boron nitride, enobunzima obufika ku-3000 kg/mm2; ukuminyana okuphansi, kuphela 2.52 g/cm3, ; i-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka, i-450 GPa; i-coefficient yayo yokwandisa ukushisa iphansi, futhi ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi ne-alkali; futhi ngeningi lensimbi encibilikisiwe ayimanzisi futhi ayihlangani. I-Boron carbide nayo inekhono elihle kakhulu lokumunca i-neutron, elingatholakali kwezinye izinto zobumba. Ukuminyana kwe-B4C kuphansi kakhulu kweziningi zezikhali zobumba ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile, futhi imodulus yayo ephezulu yokunwebeka iyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezembatho zempi yezempi nezinto zenkundla yasemkhathini. Izinkinga eziyinhloko nge-B4C yintengo yayo ephezulu kanye nokuqina, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi njengezikhali zokuzivikela.