Isishwankathelo seBoron Carbide Ceramics

2023-02-21

I-Boron Carbide (B4C) yiceramic eyomeleleyo eyenziwe yiBoron kunye nekhabhoni. I-Boron Carbide yenye yezona zinto zinzima zaziwayo, ikwindawo yesithathu emva kwe-cubic Boron nitride kunye nedayimane. Yimathiriyeli eyondeleleneyo esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya isikrweqe setanki, iivesti zembumbulu, kunye nomgubo wokutshabalalisa i-injini. Ngapha koko, yeyona nto ikhethwayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zamashishini. Eli nqaku libonelela ngesishwankathelo se-Boron Carbide kunye nezinto eziluncedo zayo.

Yintoni kanye kanye iBoron Carbide?

I-Boron Carbide yikhompawundi yekhemikhali ebalulekileyo enobume bekristale obufana ne-icosahedral-based borides. Ikhompawundi yafunyanwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba njengemveliso yeempendulo zentsimbi. Yayingaziwa ukuba inefomula yeekhemikhali kude kube ngoo-1930, xa ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kwakuqikelelwa ukuba yiB4C. I-X-reyi crystallography yento ibonisa ukuba inesakhiwo esinzima kakhulu esenziwe ngamatyathanga e-C-B-C kunye ne-B12 icosahedra.

I-Boron Carbide inobulukhuni obugqithisileyo (9.5–9.75 kwisikali se-Mohs), ukuzinza ngokuchasene nemitha ye-ionizing, ukuxhathisa kwintshukumo yekhemikhali, kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zokukhusela ineutron. Ubulukhuni beVickers, i-elastic modulus, kunye nokuqina kokuqhekeka kweBoron Carbide ziphantse zafana nezo zedayimane.

Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okugqithisileyo, iBoron Carbide ikwabizwa ngokuba "yidayimani emnyama." Ikwabonisiwe ukuba ineepropati ze-semiconducting, kunye nohlobo lwezothutho lwe-hopping olulawula iipropathi zalo zombane. Luhlobo lwe-p-semiconductor. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okugqithisileyo, ithathwa njengesixhobo sobugcisa obungagugiyo, isenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenzwa kwezinye izinto ezilukhuni kakhulu. Ukongeza kwiipropathi zayo ezilungileyo zomatshini kunye nobunzima obuthile obuphantsi, ilungele ukwenza izixhobo ezilula.

Ukuveliswa kweBoron Carbide Ceramics

I-Boron Carbide powder iveliswa ngokurhweba ngokudityaniswa (okubandakanya ukucutha i-Boron anhydride (B2O3) ngekhabhoni) okanye i-magnesiothermic reaction (ebandakanya ukubangela ukuba i-Boron anhydride isebenze ne-magnesium xa kukho ikhabhoni emnyama). Kwimpendulo yokuqala, imveliso yenza iqhuma elimile okweqanda embindini wesinyibilikisi. Le nto imile okweqanda iyakhutshwa, icunyuzwe, ize ke icolwe kwisayizi efanelekileyo yeenkozo ukuze isetyenziswe okokugqibela.

Kwimeko ye-magnesiothermic reaction, i-stoichiometric Carbide enegranularity ephantsi ifunyanwa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa inobumdaka, kuquka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2% yegraphite. Kuba iyikhompawundi edityanisiweyo ye-inorganic, i-Boron Carbide kunzima ukuyitshisa ngaphandle kokufaka ubushushu noxinzelelo ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yoku, iBoron Carbide ikholisa ukwenziwa ibeyimilo eshinyeneyo ngokucofa ubushushu obucolekileyo, umgubo ococekileyo (2 m) kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (2100–2200 °C) kwindawo engenanto okanye engasebenziyo.

Enye indlela yokuvelisa i-Boron Carbide kukuntywila ngaphandle koxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu (2300–2400 °C), elikufutshane nendawo yokunyibilika kwe-Boron Carbide. Ukunceda ukunciphisa ubushushu obufunekayo ekuxininiseni ngexesha lenkqubo, izixhobo zokuthambisa ezifana ne-alumina, i-Cr, i-Co, i-Ni, kunye neglasi yongezwa kumxube wempuphu.

Usetyenziso lweBoron Carbide Ceramics

I-Boron Carbide inezicelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

I-Boron Carbide isetyenziswa njengento yokurhabula kunye ne-abrasive.

I-Boron Carbide kwimo yomgubo ikufanelekele ukusetyenziswa njenge-abrasive kunye ne-ejenti yokulaphuka enezinga eliphezulu lokususa imathiriyeli xa kusetyenzwa imathiriyeli enzima kakhulu.

I-Boron Carbide isetyenziselwa ukwenza imilomo yeceramic eqhumayo.

I-Boron Carbide iyaxhathisa ngokugqithisileyo ukunxitywa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto ibalaseleyo yokuqhushumba kwemilomo xa itshisiwe. Naxa isetyenziswe kunye nezixhobo zokuqhushumba eziqhumayonjenge-corundum kunye ne-silicon Carbide, amandla okuqhushumba ahlala efana, kukho ukunxiba okuncinci, kwaye imilomo yomelele ngakumbi.

I-Boron Carbide isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhusela iibhola.

I-Boron Carbide ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluthelekisekayo lwe-ballistic nentsimbi ye-armored kunye ne-aluminiyam oxide kodwa kubunzima obuphantsi kakhulu. Izixhobo zomkhosi zanamhlanje ziphawulwa ngobunzima obuphezulu, amandla acinezelayo, kunye nemodyuli ephezulu yokuqina, ukongeza kubunzima obuphantsi. I-Boron Carbide yongamileyo kuzo zonke ezinye izixhobo zesi sicelo.

IBoron Carbide isetyenziswa njenge neutron absorber.

Kubunjineli, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokufunxa ineutron yi B10, esetyenziswa njenge Boron Carbide kulawulo lwereactor yenyukliya.

Ulwakhiwo lwe-atom yeboron luyenza ibe sisibambisi se-neutron esisebenzayo. Ngokukodwa, i-isotopu ye-10B, ekhoyo malunga ne-20% yobuninzi bayo bendalo, inomnqamlezo ophezulu wenyukliya kwaye inokubamba i-neutrons eshushu eveliswa yi-fission reaction ye-uranium.

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