BoronaCarbide (B4C)ʻO ia ka mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation nuklea no ka mea aia kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻātoma boron a hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he neutron absorber a me ka mea ʻike i nā reactors nuklea.He nui nā isotopes ka boron metalloid i loaʻa i loko o ka ceramic B4C, ʻo ia hoʻi he helu like nā protons i kēlā me kēia atom akā he helu kū hoʻokahi o nā neutrons.Ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka wela, ka nele o ka hana radioisotope, a me ka hiki ke pale aku i ka radiation, ʻo B4C ceramic kahi koho maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i nā mea i nā ʻoihana nuklea..
He mea koʻikoʻi ka Boron Carbide no ka ʻoihana nukili ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe neutron absorption cross-section (760 barns ma 2200 m/sec neutron velocity). ʻO ka isotope B10 i loko o ka boron he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana kea (3800 barns).
Hōʻike ka helu ʻātoma 5 o ka boron element kemika he 5 protons a me 5 electrons i loko o kona ʻano hana atomika. ʻO B ka hōʻailona kemika no ka boron. ʻO ka boron kūlohelohe ʻelua isotopes paʻa, 11B (80.1%) a me 10B (19.9%). ʻO ka ʻāpana keʻa absorption no nā neutron wela ma ka isotope 11B he 0.005 barns (no ka neutron o 0.025 eV). ʻO ka hapa nui (n, alpha) o nā neutron wela he 10B (n, alpha) 7Li nā hopena i hui pū ʻia me 0.48 MeV gamma hoʻokuʻu. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka isotope 10B he kiʻekiʻe (n, alpha) pane ʻāpana ʻāpana ma ke ʻano o ka ikehu neutron holoʻokoʻa. Liʻiliʻi loa nā ʻāpana keʻa o ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka cadmium. ʻO ka ʻāpana keʻa o 10B e hoʻemi monotonically me ka ikehu.
Hana ʻia ka ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe nui nui ma ke ʻano he ʻupena nui ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi neutron manuahi i hana ʻia e ka nuklea fission me ka boron-10. Ma muli o kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻi ʻana o ka boron-10 ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopuka kēia hui ʻana i kahi isotope paʻa ʻole o Boron-11, e haki ana i:
he ʻātoma helium me ka ʻole o nā electrons, a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana alpha.
he ʻātoma lithium-7
ʻO ke kukui gamma
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke alakaʻi a i ʻole nā mea kaumaha ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka pale e hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki i ka ikehu.
Hāʻawi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka boron-10 e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono (neuron poison) i nā reactors nuklea, ma kona ʻano paʻa (boron Carbide) a me ke ʻano wai (boric acid). Inā pono, hoʻokomo ʻia ka boron-10 e hoʻōki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā neurons i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka fission o ka uranium-325. Hoʻopau kēia i ka hopena o ke kaulahao.
