ʻO ka Boron Carbide (B4C) he ipu hao lōʻihi i haku ʻia me Boron a me ke kalapona. ʻO Boron Carbide kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ke kolu ma hope o ka boron nitride cubic a me ke daimana. He mea covalent ia i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano noi koʻikoʻi, e komo pū me nā mea kaua tank, nā pale pale pale, a me nā pauka sabotage engine. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ia ka mea i makemakeʻia no nāʻanoʻoihanaʻoihana. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o Boron Carbide a me kāna mau pono.

He aha ka Boron Carbide?

ʻO Boron Carbide he pūhui kemika koʻikoʻi me kahi ʻano aniani e like me nā boride icosahedral. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pūhui i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā hopena metala boride. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano kemika a hiki i ka makahiki 1930, i ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo B4C kona haku mele. Hōʻike ʻia ka crystallography X-ray o ka waiwai he ʻano paʻakikī loa i hana ʻia me nā kaulahao C-B-C a me B12 icosahedra.

Loaʻa i ka Boron Carbide ka paʻakikī loa (9.5–9.75 ma ka pālākiō Mohs), kūpaʻa kūʻē i ka radiation ionizing, kūʻē i nā hopena kemika, a me nā waiwai pale neutron maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka paʻakikī Vickers, ka modulus elastic, a me ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi o Boron Carbide ʻaneʻane like me nā daimana.

Ma muli o kona paʻakikī loa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide he "diamana ʻeleʻele." Ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi e loaʻa nā waiwai semiconducting, me ka hopping-type transport e hoʻomalu ana i kāna mau waiwai uila. He semiconductor ke ano p. Ma muli o kona ʻano paʻakikī loa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he ʻenehana seramika hiki ke ʻaʻahu, kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea pale māmā.

Hana ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide Ceramics

Hana 'ia ka pauda Boron Carbide ma o ka hui 'ana (e pili ana i ka ho'ēmi 'ana i ka Boron anhydride (B2O3) me ke kalapona) a i 'ole ka hopena magnesiothermic (e pili ana i ka hana 'ana o Boron anhydride me ka magnesium i mua o ke kalapona 'ele'ele). I ka hopena mua, hana ka huahana i puʻupuʻu hua manu nui ma ke kikowaena o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe. Wehe ʻia kēia ʻano hua manu, ʻoki ʻia, a laila wili ʻia i ka nui o ka palaoa kūpono no ka hoʻohana hope ʻana.

I ka hihia o ka hopena magnesiothermic, loaʻa pololei ka Carbide stoichiometric me ka granularity haʻahaʻa, akā he mau haumia, a hiki i ka 2% graphite. No ka mea, he mea hoʻohui ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, paʻakikī ʻo Boron Carbide me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka wela a me ke kaomi i ka manawa like. Ma muli o kēia, hana pinepine ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide i nā ʻano ʻano paʻakikī ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka wela, nā pauka maʻemaʻe (2 m) i nā wela kiʻekiʻe (2100–2200 °C) i loko o kahi ʻene a i ʻole ka lewa.

ʻO ke ala ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻana i ka Boron Carbide ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana ma kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe loa (2300–2400 °C), kahi kokoke i ka helu heheʻe o Boron Carbide. No ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mahana e pono ai no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā o kēia kaʻina hana, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kōkua sintering e like me ka alumina, Cr, Co, Ni, a me ke aniani i ka hui pauda.

Noi no ka Boron Carbide Ceramics

He nui nā noi like ʻole ʻo Boron Carbide.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide ma ke ʻano he lāpping a abrasive.

ʻO ka Boron Carbide ma ke ʻano pauka ua kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he abrasive a lapping agent me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea i ka wā e hana ai i nā mea paʻakikī loa.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide e hana i nā nozzles hoʻoheheʻe seramika.

ʻO ka Boron Carbide ke kūpaʻa loa i ka ʻaʻahu, e lilo ia i mea maikaʻi loa no ka puhi ʻana i nā nozzles ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻOiai ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe abrasive paʻakikī loae like me ka corundum a me ka silicon Carbide, ua mau ka mana o ka puhi ʻana, he liʻiliʻi ka lole, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā nozzles.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide ma ke ʻano he mea pale ballistic.

Hāʻawi ʻo Boron Carbide i ka pale ballistic e like me ke kila kila a me ka alumini oxide akā ma ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa loa. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea kaua o kēia wā e kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika compressive, a me ka modulus kiʻekiʻe o ka elasticity, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o Boron Carbide ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau no kēia noi.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Boron Carbide ma ke ʻano he neutron absorber.

I ka ʻenekinia, ʻo ka mea hoʻoheheʻe neutron koʻikoʻi ʻo B10, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me Boron Carbide i ka hoʻokele nuklea reactor.

ʻO ke ʻano atomika o ka boron e lilo ia i mea hoʻopau neutron maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka isotope 10B, aia ma kahi o 20% o kona waiwai maoli, he ʻāpana nuklea kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hopu i nā neutrons thermal i hana ʻia e ka hopena fission o ka uranium.

Nuclear Grade Boron Carbide Disc No ka Neutron Absorption