I-BoronI-Carbide (B4C)into ekhethwayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokumunca imisebe ye-nuclear ngoba iqukethe ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-athomu e-boron futhi ingasebenza njengesimunyisi neutron nomtshina kumareactor enyukliya.I-metalloid boron etholakala ku-ceramic B4C inama-isotopes amaningi, okusho ukuthi i-athomu ngayinye inenani elifanayo lamaphrothoni kodwa inombolo ehlukile yama-neutron.Ngenxa yentengo ephansi, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-radioisotope, kanye nekhono lokuvikela emisebeni, i-B4C ceramic nayo iyisinqumo esihle sokuvikela izinto ezimbonini zenuzi..
I-Boron Carbide iyimpahla ebalulekile embonini yenuzi ngenxa ye-neutron ephezulu yokumuncwa kwe-cross-section (iziphala ezingama-760 ku-2200 m/sec velocity ye-neutron). I-isotope ye-B10 ku-boron ine-cross-section enkulu (izingobo ezingu-3800).
Inombolo ye-athomu engu-5 ye-chemical element boron ibonisa ukuthi inamaphrothoni angu-5 nama-electron angu-5 esakhiweni sayo se-athomu. B uphawu lwamakhemikhali lwe-boron. I-boron yemvelo ngokuyinhloko iqukethe ama-isotopes amabili azinzile, i-11B (80.1%) kanye ne-10B (19.9%). I-cross-section yokumuncwa yama-neutron ashisayo ku-isotopu 11B yizingobo ezingu-0.005 (zenutroni engu-0.025 eV). Ukusabela okuningi (n, alpha) kwama-neutron ashisayo kungu-10B (n, alpha) 7Li ukusabela okuhambisana nokukhishwa kwe-gamma engu-0.48 MeV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-isotope 10B ine-cross-section ephezulu (n, alpha) yokusabela kuwo wonke ama-neutron energy spectrum. Izingxenye eziphambanayo zezinye izakhi eziningi ziba zincane kakhulu emandleni aphezulu, njengasendabeni ye-cadmium. I-cross-section ye-10B yehla nge-monotonically ngamandla.
Ingxenye enqamulayo yokumunca ewumongo omkhulu isebenza njengenethi enkulu lapho ineutron yamahhala ekhiqizwa i-nuclear fission ihlangana ne-boron-10. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-boron-10 kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ishaywe kunamanye ama-athomu.
Lokhu kushayisana kukhiqiza isotopu engazinzile yeBoron-11, ephuka ibe:
i-athomu ye-helium engenawo ama-electron, noma i-alpha particle.
i-athomu ye-lithium-7
I-Gamma radiation
Umthofu noma ezinye izinto ezisindayo zingasetshenziswa ukunikeza isivikelo esimunca amandla ngokushesha okukhulu.
Lezi zici zivumela i-boron-10 ukuthi isetshenziswe njengesilawuli (ushevu we-neuron) kuma-reactors enuzi, kokubili esimweni sayo esiqinile (i-boron Carbide) kanye nefomu eliwuketshezi (i-boric acid). Uma kunesidingo, i-boron-10 ifakwa ukumisa ukukhululwa kwama-neurons okubangelwa ukuqhekeka kwe-uranium-325. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusabela kweketango.
