Boron Carbide (B4C) isimbi yakasimba inoumbwa neBoron nekabhoni. Boron Carbide chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru zvinozivikanwa, chiri chechitatu shure kwecubic Boron nitride nedhaimani. Icho chinhu chine covalent chinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa kwakakosha, zvinosanganisira tangi yezvombo, bulletproof vests, uye injini sabotage poda. Muchokwadi, ndiyo yakasarudzika zvinhu zveakasiyana maindasitiri ekushandisa. Chinyorwa chino chinopa pfupiso yeBoron Carbide nezvakanakira zvayo.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi Boron Carbide?
Boron Carbide ikemikari yakakosha ine chimiro chekristaro chakafanana necosahedral-based borides. Komboni yacho yakawanikwa muzana ramakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe seyakagadzirwa nesimbi boride reactions. Yakanga isingazivikanwe kuve nemakemikari formula kusvika kuma1930, apo makemikari ayo aifungidzirwa kuve B4C. Iyo X-ray crystallography yechinhu ichi inoratidza kuti ine dhizaini yakaoma kwazvo inogadzirwa ese ari maviri cheni C-B-C uye B12 icosahedra.
Boron Carbide ine kuomarara kwakanyanya (9.5–9.75 pachikero cheMohs), kugadzikana kumirisana nemwaranzi yeionizing, kusapindirana kwemakemikari, uye neutron inodzivirira zvakanakisa. Kuoma kweVickers, elastic modulus, uye kuomarara kweBoron Carbide zvakangofanana neaya edhaimondi.
Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, Boron Carbide inonzi zvakare “black diamond”. Iyo yakaratidzawo kuve ine semiconducting zvivakwa, ine hopping-mhando yekufambisa inotonga zvayo zvemagetsi. Iyo p-mhando semiconductor. Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, inoonekwa seyakapfeka-inodzivirira tekinoroji ceramic material, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyanya kuoma. Pamusoro peiyo yakanaka mechanical zvivakwa uye yakaderera chaiyo giravhiti, yakanakira kugadzira nhumbi dzakareruka.
Kugadzirwa kweBoron Carbide Ceramics
Boron Carbide powder inogadzirwa kutengeswa kuburikidza nekusanganiswa (kunosanganisira kuderedza Boron anhydride (B2O3) necarbon) kana magnesiothermic reaction (zvinosanganisira kukonzera kuti Boron anhydride isangane nemagnesium kana paine carbon black). Mukuita kwekutanga, chigadzirwa chinoumba bundu rakakura-rakafanana nezai pakati pekunyungudutsa. Ichi chinhu chakaita sezai chinotorwa, chopwanywa, chobva chagayiwa kusvika pakukura kwezviyo zvakakodzera kuti chizoshandiswa kwekupedzisira.
Kana iri magnesiothermic reaction, stoichiometric Carbide ine granularity yakaderera inowanikwa zvakananga, asi ine tsvina, kusanganisira kusvika 2% graphite. Nekuda kwekuti iri covalently bonded inorganic compound, Boron Carbide inonetsa kunyura pasina kuisa kupisa uye pressure panguva imwe chete. Nekuda kweizvi, Boron Carbide inowanzo gadzirwa kuita zvimiro zvakakora nekutsikirira kwakatsetseka, hupfu hwakachena (2 m) pakupisa kwepamusoro (2100–2200 °C) munzvimbo isina mhepo kana kuti inert.
Imwe nzira yekugadzira Boron Carbide kunyunguduka kusingamanikidziki kunyura patembiricha yepamusoro (2300–2400 °C), iri pedyo nekunyungudika kweBoron Carbide. Kubatsira kudzikisa tembiricha inodiwa pakuita densification panguva iyi, sintering aids senge alumina, Cr, Co, Ni, uye girazi zvinowedzerwa kumusanganiswa wehupfu.
Zvishandiso zveBoron Carbide Ceramics
Boron Carbide ine maapplication akawanda akasiyana.
Boron Carbide inoshandiswa sechinhu chinopfakanyika uye chinobvoora.
Boron Carbide iri muupfu yakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa seabrasive uye inorapika ine mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa zvinhu paunenge uchigadzira zvinhu zvakanyanya kuoma.
Boron Carbide inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhomba anoputika.
Boron Carbide inoshingirira pakupfekwa, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakanakisa pakuputitsa nozzles kana yapiswa. Kunyangwe kana ichishandiswa neakanyanya kuoma abrasive blasting agentssenge corundum uye silicon Carbide, simba rekuputika rinoramba rakafanana, kune kushoma kupfeka, uye mhuno yacho inogara yakasimba.
Boron Carbide inoshandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira.
Boron Carbide inopa kudzivirirwa kwakaenzaniswa nesimbi yearmored nealuminium oxide asi pahuremu hwakaderera zvikuru. Zvombo zvechiuto zvemazuva ano zvinoratidzwa nehupamhi hwekuoma, kusimba kwesimba, uye yakakwirira modulus ye elasticity, kuwedzera kune yakaderera huremu. Boron Carbide inopfuura zvimwe zvese zvekushandisa pachishandiswa ichi.
Boron Carbide inoshandiswa seineutron absorber.
Muinjiniya, chinobatisa neutron chakakosha i B10, inoshandiswa seBoron Carbide mukudzora nyukireya reactor.
Chimiro cheatomiki yeboron chinoita kuti ive neutron absorber. Kunyanya, iyo 10B isotopu, iripo munharaunda ye20% yekuwanda kwayo kwechisikigo, ine yakakwira nyukireya-chikamu uye inogona kutora manyutroni anopisa anogadzirwa nefission reaction yeuranium.
Nuclear Giredhi Boron Carbide Disc YeNeutron Absorption
