BoroniCarbide (B4C)ndiye chinthu chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri pakuyamwa ma radiation ya nyukiliya chifukwa chimakhala ndi ma atomu ambiri a boroni ndipo chimatha kugwira ntchito ngati choyezera nyutroni ndi chodziwira mu zida zanyukiliya.Metalloid boron yomwe imapezeka mu ceramic B4C ili ndi isotopu zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti atomu iliyonse imakhala ndi ma protoni ofanana koma nambala yapadera ya neutroni.Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, kukana kutentha, kusowa kwa radioisotope, komanso kuthekera kotchinjiriza ku radiation, B4C ceramic ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri poteteza zida zamafakitale anyukiliya..
Boron Carbide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani a nyukiliya chifukwa cha mayamwidwe ake apamwamba a nyutroni (ma nkhokwe 760 pa 2200 m / sec velocity ya nyutroni). B10 isotope mu boron ili ndi gawo lalikulu (3800 nkhokwe).
Nambala ya atomiki 5 ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi boron imasonyeza kuti ili ndi ma protoni 5 ndi ma elekitironi 5 mu kapangidwe kake ka atomiki. B ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala a boron. Boroni yachilengedwe imakhala ndi isotopu ziwiri zokhazikika, 11B (80.1%) ndi 10B (19.9%). Gawo loyamwa la ma neutroni otentha mu isotopu 11B ndi nkhokwe 0.005 (ya neutroni ya 0.025 eV). Zochita zambiri (n, alpha) za ma neutroni otentha ndi 10B (n, alpha) 7Li reactions limodzi ndi 0.48 MeV gamma emission. Kuphatikiza apo, isotopu 10B ili ndi gawo lalikulu (n, alpha) reaction pagawo lonse la mphamvu ya neutron. Magawo azinthu zina zambiri amakhala ochepa kwambiri pamphamvu zamphamvu, monga momwe zilili ndi cadmium. Gawo lalikulu la 10B limatsika molunjika ndi mphamvu.
Gawo lalikulu loyamwa pakatikati limakhala ngati ukonde waukulu pamene neutroni yaulere yopangidwa ndi nyukiliya fission imagwirizana ndi boron-10. Chifukwa cha izi, boron-10 ndiyotheka kwambiri kugundidwa kuposa ma atomu ena.
Kugunda kumeneku kumatulutsa isotopu yosakhazikika ya Boron-11, yomwe imasweka kukhala:
atomu ya heliamu yopanda ma elekitironi, kapena tinthu ta alpha.
atomu ya lithiamu-7
Gamma radiation
Mtovu kapena zinthu zina zolemera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka chitetezo chomwe chimatenga mphamvu mwachangu.
Makhalidwewa amalola kuti boron-10 igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowongolera (poyizoni wa neuroni) mu zida zanyukiliya, mu mawonekedwe ake olimba (boron Carbide) ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi (boric acid). Pakafunika, boron-10 imayikidwa kuti ayimitse kutulutsidwa kwa ma neuron omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupasuka kwa uranium-325. Izi neutralizes chain reaction.
