Mukatchula mawu oti "ceramics," anthu ambiri nthawi yomweyo amaganiza za mbiya ndi china. Mbiri ya zoumba zadothi inayambika zaka zoposa 10,000, ndipo izi zikuphatikizapo zonse mbiya zadothi ndi mbiya za zinthuzo. Ngakhale zili choncho, zida za inorganic komanso zopanda zitsulo izi zikupereka maziko akusintha kwamakono kwaukadaulo wazinthu, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zatsopano komanso kupita patsogolo kopanga ndi kupanga zida zapangitsa kuti pakhale zopangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Ma ceramics apamwambawa ali ndi katundu ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zaukadaulo ndi uinjiniya zomwe poyamba zinkaganiziridwa kuti sizingatheke.
Zoumba zamakono zamakono sizifanana kwambiri ndi zoumba zomwe zidabwera patsogolo pawo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo amtundu umodzi komanso amphamvu modabwitsa, matenthedwe, ndi magetsi, apanga dziko latsopano lachitukuko mwayi wopezeka kwa opanga m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Zida zachikhalidwe monga zitsulo, mapulasitiki, ndi magalasi akusinthidwa ndi zinthu zapamwamba, zotsika mtengo, komanso zamakono zomwe zimadziwika kuti zoumba zapamwamba, zomwe zimapereka yankho loyenera.
M'njira yotakata, zoumba zadothi zapamwamba zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zapadera zomwe zimawapatsa kukana kusungunuka, kupindika, kutambasula, dzimbiri, ndi kuvala. Iwo ndi amodzi mwa magulu othandiza kwambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa ndi olimba, osasunthika, osagwirizana ndi kutentha kwakukulu, inert yamankhwala, biocompatible, ali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndipo, potsiriza, angagwiritsidwe ntchito muzinthu zopangidwa mochuluka. .
Pali mitundu ingapo ya zida zadothi zomwe zilipo masiku ano, kuphatikiza alumina, zirconia, beryllia, silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminium nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, ndi zina zambiri. Iliyonse mwa ma ceramics apamwambawa ali ndi mawonekedwe akeake a magwiridwe antchito ndi zabwino zake. Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mapulogalamu omwe akusintha nthawi zonse, zida zatsopano zikupangidwa mosalekeza.
