Boron Carbide (B4C) ndi choumba cholimba chopangidwa ndi Boron ndi carbon. Boron Carbide ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika, zomwe zili pachitatu kuseri kwa cubic Boron nitride ndi diamondi. Ndi chinthu chogwirizana chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika, kuphatikiza zida zankhondo, ma vests oteteza zipolopolo, ndi mafuta owononga injini. M'malo mwake, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale. Nkhaniyi ili ndi chidule cha Boron Carbide ndi ubwino wake.
Kodi Boron Carbide ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Boron Carbide ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri okhala ndi kristalo wofanana ndi ma boride a icosahedral. Pagululi adapezeka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi monga chotulukapo chazochita zachitsulo. Sizikudziwika kuti ili ndi chilinganizo chamankhwala mpaka m'ma 1930, pomwe mankhwala ake adayesedwa kukhala B4C. X-ray crystallography ya chinthucho imasonyeza kuti ili ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri lopangidwa ndi maunyolo onse a C-B-C ndi B12 icosahedra.
Boron Carbide imakhala yolimba kwambiri (9.5–9.75 pa sikelo ya Mohs), yosasunthika polimbana ndi cheza cha ionizing, kukana kukhudzidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa mankhwala, ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotchinjiriza manyutroni. Kulimba kwa Vickers, zotanuka modulus, ndi kulimba kwa ming'alu ya Boron Carbide ndizofanana ndi za diamondi.
Chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, Boron Carbide amatchedwanso "diamondi yakuda." Zawonetsedwanso kuti ili ndi zida zopangira semiconducting, zoyendera zamtundu wa hopping zomwe zimalamulira zinthu zake zamagetsi. Ndi p-mtundu semiconductor. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kopitilira muyeso, imatengedwa ngati zida za ceramic zosavala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kukonza zinthu zina zolimba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zamakina ndi mphamvu yokoka yochepa, ndi yabwino kupanga zida zopepuka.
Kupanga Boron Carbide Ceramics
Boron Carbide ufa amapangidwa ndi malonda kudzera mu fusion (zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa Boron anhydride (B2O3) ndi carbon) kapena magnesiothermic reaction (zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchititsa kuti Boron anhydride igwirizane ndi magnesium pamaso pa carbon black). Pochita koyamba, mankhwalawa amapanga mtanda waukulu wonga ngati dzira pakati pa smelter. Zinthu zooneka ngati dzira zimenezi amazichotsa, kuphwanyidwa, kenako n’kuzigaya mpaka kufika pamlingo woyenerera kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pomaliza.
Pankhani ya magnesiothermic reaction, stoichiometric Carbide yokhala ndi granularity yochepa imapezeka mwachindunji, koma imakhala ndi zonyansa, kuphatikizapo 2% ya graphite. Chifukwa ndi covalently bonded inorganic compound, Boron Carbide ndivuta kuyimba popanda kuthira kutentha ndi kupanikizika nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa cha izi, Boron Carbide kawirikawiri amapangidwa kuti azioneka wandiweyani pokanikizira ufa wonyezimira wonyezimira bwino (m'mamita 2) pamalo ofunda (2100–2200 °C) m'malo opanda mpweya kapena opanda mpweya.
Njira ina yopangira Boron Carbide ndi kuzizira mopanda kupanikizika pa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri (2300–2400 °C), komwe kuli pafupi ndi malo osungunuka a Boron Carbide. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kumafunikira pakuchulukirachulukira panthawiyi, zida zopangira sintering monga alumina, Cr, Co, Ni, ndi galasi zimawonjezedwa pakusakaniza kwa ufa.
Ntchito za Boron Carbide Ceramics
Boron Carbide ili ndi mapulogalamu ambiri osiyanasiyana.
Boron Carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopukutira komanso chopweteka.
Boron Carbide yaufa ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati abrasive ndi chopukutira chochotsa zinthu zambiri pokonza zinthu zolimba kwambiri.
Boron Carbide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga milomo yoboola ya ceramic.
Boron Carbide imakhala yosamva kuvala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri pophulitsa milomo yophulika ikatenthedwa. Ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zophulika zolimba kwambirimonga corundum ndi silicon Carbide, mphamvu yophulitsa imakhalabe yofanana, imakhala yocheperako, ndipo ma nozzles amakhala olimba.
Boron Carbide ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotetezera.
Boron Carbide imapereka chitetezo chofanana ndi cha zitsulo zokhala ndi zida ndi aluminium oxide koma pa kulemera kocheperako. Zida zamakono zankhondo zimadziwika ndi kuuma kwakukulu, mphamvu zopondereza, ndi modulus yapamwamba ya elasticity, kuphatikizapo kulemera kochepa. Boron Carbide ndipamwamba kuposa zipangizo zina zonse za pulogalamu imeneyi.
Boron Carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotengera cha neutron.
Mu uinjiniya, choyezera nyutroni chofunikira kwambiri ndi B10, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati Boron Carbide powongolera zida zanyukiliya.
Kapangidwe ka atomiki kwa boron kumapangitsa kuti ikhale choyezera bwino cha neutroni. Makamaka, isotopu ya 10B, yomwe ilipo pafupifupi 20% ya kuchuluka kwake kwachilengedwe, ili ndi gawo lalikulu la nyukiliya ndipo imatha kugwira ma neutroni omwe amapangidwa ndi fission reaction ya uranium.
Nuclear Giredi Boron Carbide Disc Kwa Neutron Mayamwidwe
