BoronCarbide (B4C)yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nqus hluav taws xob vim tias nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm boron atoms thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li neutron absorber thiab ntes hauv nuclear reactors.Cov metalloid boron pom nyob rau hauv ceramic B4C muaj ntau cov isotopes, uas txhais tau hais tias txhua lub atom muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons tab sis muaj pes tsawg tus neutrons.Vim nws tus nqi qis, kub tsis kam, tsis muaj xov tooj cua isotope ntau lawm, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, B4C ceramic kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv nuclear industries..
Boron Carbide yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam nuclear vim nws qhov siab ntawm neutron absorption cross-section (760 barns ntawm 2200 m / sec neutron tshaj tawm). B10 isotope nyob rau hauv boron muaj ntau dua hla ntu (3800 barns).
Tus naj npawb atomic 5 ntawm cov tshuaj boron qhia tias nws muaj 5 protons thiab 5 electrons hauv nws cov qauv atomic. B yog lub cim tshuaj rau boron. Ntuj boron feem ntau muaj ob lub isotopes ruaj khov, 11B (80.1%) thiab 10B (19.9%). Kev nqus cov ntu ntu rau thermal neutrons hauv isotope 11B yog 0.005 barns (rau neutron ntawm 0.025 eV). Feem ntau (n, alpha) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal neutrons yog 10B (n, alpha) 7Li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog 0.48 MeV gamma emission. Ntxiv mus, isotope 10B muaj qhov siab (n, alpha) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hla ntu raws tag nrho cov neutron zog spectrum. Cov ntu ntu ntawm feem ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus ua rau me me ntawm lub zog siab, zoo li hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cadmium. Ntu ntu ntawm 10B txo qis monotonically nrog lub zog.
Cov tub ntxhais loj nqus tau hla ntu ua raws li lub vas loj thaum lub neutron dawb uas tsim los ntawm nuclear fission cuam tshuam nrog boron-10. Vim li no, boron-10 yog qhov muaj feem yuav raug ntaus dua li lwm cov atoms.
Qhov kev sib tsoo no ua rau cov isotope tsis ruaj khov ntawm Boron-11, uas tawg rau hauv:
helium atom tsis muaj electrons, lossis alpha particle.
lithium-7 atom
Gamma hluav taws xob
Cov hmoov txhuas lossis lwm yam khoom hnyav tuaj yeem siv los muab kev tiv thaiv uas nqus lub zog sai dua.
Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau boron-10 siv los ua tus tswj hwm (neuron tshuaj lom) hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear, ob qho tib si hauv nws daim ntawv (boron Carbide) thiab kua daim ntawv (boric acid). Thaum tsim nyog, boron-10 raug tso tseg kom tsis txhob tso cov neurons tshwm sim los ntawm fission ntawm uranium-325. Qhov no neutralizes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
