Thaum koj hais lo lus "ceramics," feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tam sim ntawd xav txog cov tais diav thiab chinaware. Cov keeb kwm ntawm ceramics tuaj yeem taug qab ntau dua 10,000 xyoo, thiab qhov no suav nrog ob qho tib si earthenware thiab pottery forms ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv inorganic thiab non-metallic yog muab lub hauv paus rau kev hloov pauv niaj hnub no hauv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ua rau kev ua kom nrawm ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab kev nce qib hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov txheej txheem tau ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov ceramics siab heev. Cov ceramics siab heev no muaj cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm los daws cov kev sib tw technical thiab engineering uas ib zaug xav tias yuav ua tsis tau.

Cov txheej txheem ceramics niaj hnub no muaj tsawg heev nrog cov ceramics uas tuaj ua ntej lawv. Vim tias lawv yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua rau lub cev muaj zog, thermal, thiab hluav taws xob zoo, lawv tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb tshiab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob muaj rau cov neeg tsim khoom hauv ntau yam kev lag luam.

Cov khoom siv niaj hnub xws li hlau, yas, thiab iav tau raug hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis hu ua advanced ceramics, uas muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.

Hauv kev txiav txim siab dav dav, cov ceramics siab heev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov qib siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv melting, khoov, ncab, corrosion, thiab hnav. Lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb vim tias lawv nyuaj, ruaj khov, tiv taus huab cua kub, tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo, biocompatible, muaj hluav taws xob zoo dua, thiab, kawg tab sis tsis tsawg, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom tsim tawm ntau. .

Muaj ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no, suav nrog alumina, zirconia, beryllia, silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminium nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, thiab ntau ntxiv. Txhua yam ntawm cov ceramics siab heev muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov zoo. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev cov nyom uas tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov ntawv thov hloov mus tas li, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau tsim tas li.