Boron Carbide (B4C) yumbu mai ɗorewa ne wanda ya ƙunshi Boron da carbon. Boron Carbide yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka sani mafi wahala, matsayi na uku a bayan nitride mai siffar sukari da lu'u-lu'u. Abu ne mai haɗaka da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban masu mahimmanci, gami da sulke na tanki, riguna masu hana harsashi, da foda mai lalata injin. A gaskiya ma, shine kayan da aka fi so don aikace-aikacen masana'antu iri-iri. Wannan labarin yana ba da taƙaitaccen bayani na Boron Carbide da fa'idodinsa.

Menene ainihin Boron Carbide?

Boron Carbide haɓaka sinadari ne mai mahimmanci tare da tsarin lu'ulu'u irin na borides na tushen icosahedral. An gano fili a cikin karni na sha tara a matsayin abin da ya haifar da halayen karfen boride. Ba a san yana da dabarar sinadarai ba sai a shekarun 1930, lokacin da aka ƙiyasta abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarin B4C. Kristalography na X-ray na abu ya nuna cewa yana da tsari mai rikitarwa wanda ya ƙunshi duka sarƙoƙi na C-B-C da B12 icosahedra.

Boron Carbide yana da matsananciyar tauri (9.5-9.75 akan sikelin Mohs), kwanciyar hankali da ionizing radiation, juriya ga halayen sinadarai, da kyawawan abubuwan kariya na neutron. Taurin Vickers, na'urar roba, da taurin Boron Carbide  kusan iri ɗaya ne da na lu'u-lu'u.

Saboda tsananin taurinsa, Boron Carbide kuma ana kiransa "black lu'u-lu'u." An kuma nuna cewa yana da kaddarorin sarrafa wutar lantarki, tare da nau'in jigilar kaya da ke mamaye kayan lantarki. Yana da nau'in p-type semiconductor. Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ana ɗaukarsa kayan yumbu na fasaha mai jure lalacewa, wanda ya sa ya dace da sarrafa wasu abubuwa masu wuyar gaske. Baya ga kyawawan kaddarorinsa na inji da ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun nauyi, ya dace don yin sulke masu nauyi.

Ƙirƙirar Boron Carbide Ceramics

Boron Carbide foda ana samarwa ne ta hanyar kasuwanci ta hanyar haɗakarwa (wanda ya haɗa da rage Boron anhydride (B2O3) tare da carbon) ko maganin magnesiothermic (wanda ya haɗa da sa Boron anhydride ya amsa da magnesium a gaban baƙin carbon). A cikin martanin farko, samfurin ya samar da dunƙule mai girman kwai a tsakiyar smelter. Ana fitar da wannan abu mai siffar kwai, a niƙa, sannan a niƙa zuwa girman hatsin da ya dace don amfani na ƙarshe.

Game da maganin magnesiothermic, stoichiometric Carbide tare da ƙarancin granularity ana samun shi kai tsaye, amma yana da ƙazanta, gami da graphite har zuwa 2%. Saboda wani fili ne mai haɗaka da juna, Boron Carbide yana da wahala a haɗa shi ba tare da yin zafi da matsa lamba a lokaci ɗaya ba. Saboda haka, Boron Carbide  galibi ana yin su su zama masu yawa ta hanyar matsawa mai zafi, tsaftataccen foda (2m) a yanayin zafi mai zafi (2100-2200 ° C) a cikin sarari ko yanayi mara kyau.

Wata hanyar samar da Boron Carbide ita ce matsi mara matsi a cikin matsanancin zafin jiki (2300-2400 °C), wanda ke kusa da wurin narkewar Boron Carbide. Don taimakawa rage yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata don haɓakawa yayin wannan tsari, ana ƙara kayan taimako kamar alumina, Cr, Co, Ni, da gilashi zuwa gaurayar foda.

Aikace-aikace na Boron Carbide Ceramics

Boron Carbide yana da aikace-aikace daban-daban da yawa.

Ana amfani da Boron Carbide azaman wakili mai jujjuyawa.

Boron Carbide a cikin foda ya dace da amfani da shi azaman wakili mai ƙyalli da latsawa tare da yawan cire kayan yayin sarrafa kayan masarufi.

Ana amfani da Boron Carbide  don kera nozzles masu fashewa da yumbu.

Boron Carbide  yana da matuƙar juriya don sawa, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan abu don fashewar nozzles lokacin da aka haɗa shi. Ko da lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da manyan abubuwan fashewar fashewar abubuwakamar corundum da silicon Carbide, ƙarfin fashewar ya kasance iri ɗaya, akwai ƙarancin lalacewa, kuma nozzles sun fi dorewa.

Ana amfani da Boron Carbide azaman kayan kariya na ballistic.

Boron Carbide yana ba da kariyar kwatankwacin ballistic zuwa na ƙarfe sulke da aluminum oxide amma a mafi ƙarancin nauyi. Kayan aikin soja na zamani yana da matsayi mai girma na taurin kai, ƙarfin matsawa, da maɗaukaki na elasticity, ban da ƙananan nauyi. Boron Carbide  ya fi duk sauran kayan madadin wannan aikace-aikacen.

Ana amfani da Boron Carbide azaman abin sha neutron.

A cikin aikin injiniya, mafi mahimmancin abin sha na Neutron shine B10, ana amfani da shi azaman Boron Carbide wajen sarrafa makamashin nukiliya.

Tsarin atomic na boron ya sa ya zama ingantaccen abin sha na Neutron. Musamman ma, isotope na 10B, wanda ke cikin kusan kashi 20% na wadatar halitta, yana da babban ɓangaren giciye na nukiliya kuma yana iya kama nau'ikan neutrons ɗin da ake samarwa ta hanyar fission na uranium.

Dik ɗin Boron Carbide Na Nukiliya Don Cire Neutron